[Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride]1 is the third generation of quaternary ammonium compounds, and it is better than the first and second generation products on ability of killing microorganism.

Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DDAC) is mainly used as following fields:

1. Used as fungicide of injection water of oilfield and industrial circulating cooling water.
2. Used as disinfectant, fungicide and wood preservative agents.
3. Used as moth-proofing agents of textile.
4. It can be used compounding with CLO2 when handling hard surface to killing bacteria.

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Benzalkonium chloride is a common cationic surfactant with a wide range of applications, including as a disinfectant and preservative. However, the search results did not directly provide information on the melting point of benzalkonium chloride. Usually, benzalkonium chloride exists as a mixture, and its purity and specific composition may affect its physical properties, including melting point. If accurate melting point data is required, it is recommended to refer to professional chemical databases or specific technical data sheets provided by manufacturers of benzalkonium chloride. In practical applications, due to the fact that benzalkonium chloride is usually used in aqueous solution, its melting point information may not be a frequently queried parameter.
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Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride is a cationic surfactant commonly used as an emulsifier, thickener, antistatic agent, and preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. CTAC has antibacterial properties, which makes it play an important role in skin preparations and helps prevent wound infections. CTAC has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for topical use, and its concentration in cosmetics is usually safe, typically at 0.2% w/w.

CTAC has high safety, but attention should still be paid to concentration when using it to avoid possible skin irritation or other side effects. In retention type products, the recommended usage of CTAC should not exceed 0.25%. The physical and chemical properties of CTAC include acidic pH and water solubility. Due to its versatility, CTAC has been widely used in the personal care and cosmetics industries.
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Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a high molecular weight polymer whose structure is formed by connecting multiple acrylic monomers through polymerization reactions. Each monomer unit contains a carboxylic acid group, which enables PAA to form a polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution. The chemical structure of PAA endows it with multiple functions, including serving as a dispersant, thickener, flocculant, superabsorbent, and ion exchange resin.

The carboxyl groups of PAA can undergo ionization in aqueous solution, endowing the polymer with high negative charge density. This property makes PAA have good solubility and expansibility in water, forming viscous solution or hydrogel. The hydrogel form of PAA is widely used in sanitary products (such as diapers) because of its excellent water absorption and water retention.

In addition to its applications in water treatment and personal care products, PAA can also be used as a dispersing medium for abrasives in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes in the electronics industry. In addition, the low toxicity of PAA makes it suitable as a food additive.

The synthesis of PAA is usually achieved through free radical polymerization, by polymerizing acrylic acid or its sodium salt. In industry, PAA products with different molecular weights and molecular weight distributions can be obtained by controlling the polymerization conditions. The molecular structure of PAA can adjust its hydrogel properties through covalent crosslinking, physical crosslinking or the formation of hydrogen bonds.

Derivatives of PAA, such as sodium polyacrylate, are used as thickeners, texture enhancers, film-forming agents, and emulsifying stabilizers in cosmetics and skin care products. The pH sensitivity of PAA makes it very useful in drug delivery systems, especially in tumor therapy, where the acidic environment of tumor cells can be utilized to achieve controlled drug release.

Structurally, the repeating units of PAA are homopolymers of acrylic acid with the molecular formula (C3H4O2) x, where x represents the number of repeating units. Because PAA contains a large number of carboxyl groups, which are sensitive to pH and ionic strength, the expansion rate of PAA hydrogel will be affected by solution pH and ionic strength. PAA hydrogels also have potential in biomedical applications due to their intelligent response characteristics.
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Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and its derivatives have multiple uses in skin care products, and the following are some of the main applications and benefits:

1. Thickener: PAA and its derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose (Carbomer) are commonly used as thickeners in cosmetics and skin care products, which can improve the sensory experience and stability of the product, making it feel smoother and more pleasant.
2. Texture enhancer : As a texture enhancer, PAA helps maintain the softness and richness of the product while providing a conditioning effect for the skin.
3. Film forming agent : PAA can act as a film forming agent to form a thin and flexible film on the skin, which helps protect the skin after washing and provides a smooth touch.
4. Emulsion stabilizer : Polyacrylic Acid helps to stabilize lotion and keep different components in the product evenly dispersed, thus improving the efficacy and consistency of the product.
5. pH sensitivity: Due to its sensitivity to pH, PAA can be used to design cosmetics that target specific skin pH environments, such as acidic environments in tumor treatment.
6. Safety: According to the evaluation of the cosmetic ingredient review expert group, PAA derivatives such as sodium polyacrylate are safe to use in cosmetics and personal care products as long as the formula avoids causing skin irritation.
7. Vegetarianism friendly : PAA derivatives are synthetic and commonly considered as vegetarian ingredients, suitable for use by vegetarians.
8. Multifunctional : PAA can perform multiple functions in skin care products, including adhesion, emulsion stabilization, film-forming, and viscosity control.

Overall, PAA and its derivatives play an important role in skin care products by providing sensory pleasure and enhancing product stability, helping active ingredients to better function.
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