Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
CAS No.: 9003-01-4
Performance and Application

[PAA][2] is a non-toxic substance that is easily soluble in water

[Polyacrylic][3] can operate under alkaline and moderate concentration conditions without scaling.

It can disperse microcrystals or sediment of salts such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate in water, prevent precipitation, and achieve the purpose of scale inhibition.

As a commonly used dispersant, it is widely used as a scale inhibitor and dispersant in the circulating cooling water systas of power plants, chaical plants, fertilizer plants, refineries, and air conditioning systas.

It is also used in industries such as papermaking, textiles, printing and dyeing, ceramics, coatings, and building materials.
Technical indicators

Compliant with standard: GB/T 10533-2014
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid
Solid content: There are different grades, which are ≥ 30.0%, ≥ 40.0%, ≥ 50.0%
Free monomer (calculated as AA): ≤ 0.50% (for grades with ≥ 30.0% and ≥ 40.0% solid content), ≤ 1.0% (for grades with ≥ 50.0% solid content)
Density (20 ℃): The densities of different grades are ≥ 1.09, ≥ 1.12, and ≥ 1.20 g/cm ³, respectively
PH value (1% aqueous solution): 2.5-4.5
Ultimate viscosity (30 ℃): For grades with the highest solid content, 0.06-0.12 dl/g
Customized services

The company can customize products with different molecular weights and solid contents according to customer needs, such as 45% and 60% polyacrylic acid.
usage method

PAA is usually used in combination with other water treatment agents, and the specific formula and dosage need to be determined through experiments based on the on-site water quality and equipment materials.
If used alone, the general concentration is 1-15mg/L.
When used in other industries, such as concrete water reducers, printing and dyeing, the dosage should be determined based on experiments.
Packaging and Storage

Packaged in plastic drums, each weighing 25kg or 200kg, or determined according to user needs.
It should be stored indoors in a cool and shady place, with a storage period of twelve months.
safety protection

PAA is weakly acidic, and appropriate labor protection equipment should be worn during operation to avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Immediately rinse with plenty of water after contact.

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[Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride]1 is the third generation of quaternary ammonium compounds, and it is better than the first and second generation products on ability of killing microorganism.

Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DDAC) is mainly used as following fields:

1. Used as fungicide of injection water of oilfield and industrial circulating cooling water.
2. Used as disinfectant, fungicide and wood preservative agents.
3. Used as moth-proofing agents of textile.
4. It can be used compounding with CLO2 when handling hard surface to killing bacteria.

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Benzalkonium chloride is a common cationic surfactant with a wide range of applications, including as a disinfectant and preservative. However, the search results did not directly provide information on the melting point of benzalkonium chloride. Usually, benzalkonium chloride exists as a mixture, and its purity and specific composition may affect its physical properties, including melting point. If accurate melting point data is required, it is recommended to refer to professional chemical databases or specific technical data sheets provided by manufacturers of benzalkonium chloride. In practical applications, due to the fact that benzalkonium chloride is usually used in aqueous solution, its melting point information may not be a frequently queried parameter.
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Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride is a cationic surfactant commonly used as an emulsifier, thickener, antistatic agent, and preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. CTAC has antibacterial properties, which makes it play an important role in skin preparations and helps prevent wound infections. CTAC has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for topical use, and its concentration in cosmetics is usually safe, typically at 0.2% w/w.

CTAC has high safety, but attention should still be paid to concentration when using it to avoid possible skin irritation or other side effects. In retention type products, the recommended usage of CTAC should not exceed 0.25%. The physical and chemical properties of CTAC include acidic pH and water solubility. Due to its versatility, CTAC has been widely used in the personal care and cosmetics industries.
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Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a high molecular weight polymer whose structure is formed by connecting multiple acrylic monomers through polymerization reactions. Each monomer unit contains a carboxylic acid group, which enables PAA to form a polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution. The chemical structure of PAA endows it with multiple functions, including serving as a dispersant, thickener, flocculant, superabsorbent, and ion exchange resin.

The carboxyl groups of PAA can undergo ionization in aqueous solution, endowing the polymer with high negative charge density. This property makes PAA have good solubility and expansibility in water, forming viscous solution or hydrogel. The hydrogel form of PAA is widely used in sanitary products (such as diapers) because of its excellent water absorption and water retention.

In addition to its applications in water treatment and personal care products, PAA can also be used as a dispersing medium for abrasives in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes in the electronics industry. In addition, the low toxicity of PAA makes it suitable as a food additive.

The synthesis of PAA is usually achieved through free radical polymerization, by polymerizing acrylic acid or its sodium salt. In industry, PAA products with different molecular weights and molecular weight distributions can be obtained by controlling the polymerization conditions. The molecular structure of PAA can adjust its hydrogel properties through covalent crosslinking, physical crosslinking or the formation of hydrogen bonds.

Derivatives of PAA, such as sodium polyacrylate, are used as thickeners, texture enhancers, film-forming agents, and emulsifying stabilizers in cosmetics and skin care products. The pH sensitivity of PAA makes it very useful in drug delivery systems, especially in tumor therapy, where the acidic environment of tumor cells can be utilized to achieve controlled drug release.

Structurally, the repeating units of PAA are homopolymers of acrylic acid with the molecular formula (C3H4O2) x, where x represents the number of repeating units. Because PAA contains a large number of carboxyl groups, which are sensitive to pH and ionic strength, the expansion rate of PAA hydrogel will be affected by solution pH and ionic strength. PAA hydrogels also have potential in biomedical applications due to their intelligent response characteristics.
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